AHS205 The Australian Healthcare System Within A Global Context Assignment Sample

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease Management In Australian Healthcare

The healthcare system comprises people, care organisations and actions aimed to maintain, promote and restore health. It includes the efforts and activities to influence the health determinants to improve the health condition of the general public. This essay is based on analysis of the Australian Healthcare system on the health issue of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The brief elements of health issues managed by the government of Australia are discussed. The Australian approach to healthcare to mitigate health issues includes financial and political influence compared with other country. The international agencies involved in the healthcare system will be identified and their role will be briefly described in this essay. The health initiatives identified to improve and develop the key health issue of chronic kidney disease are included.

Main Body

Characteristics Of Chronic Kidney Disease (Ckd) Issue

The healthcare issue of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is selected, has characterised as a long-term condition that leads to the malfunction and loss of kidneys over time. Advanced CKD leads to dangerous health situations due to excess collection of waste fluid (Dominello et al, 2021). At the early stage of this health issue, a person might or might not suffer from the symptoms or signs. It leads to multiple complications such as vomiting, change in urination function, swelling of ankles and feet, muscle cramps, weight loss, etc. CKD often underlies other health issues such as hypertension, diabetes and glomerulonephritis. The symptoms include foamy urine, appetite loss, numbness in legs, dry or itchy skin and many others (Aminde et al, 2023). The origin of CKD is a result of multiple health factors and begins with noticeable symptoms. It has been characterised as a severe health condition, results in affecting the functions of kidneys in the long term.

Moreover, this disease causes complications for the patient to get affected or suffer by other diseases such as bone or mineral disorder, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, hyperkalaemia and issues related to metabolism. CKD is identified by performing a urine test or blood test to analyse the estimated glomerular rate of filtration (Coorey et al, 2022). Treatment of chronic disease of kidney aims to focus on the reduction in the pace of kidney damage with the effective control of the primary cause of disease. Lack of control in kidney disease can lead to progress in the stage of kidney failure. To overcome this adverse health issue, patients are required to undergo a procedure of kidney transplant or artificial filtering of body waste or fluid, often termed dialysis.

Management Of CKD In Australia

The health issue of CKD is managed effectively with the help of national council of Kidney Health Australia, department of social and health service, Australian institute of welfare and health, and with the assistance of healthcare professionals. The national council of Kidney Health Australia formulates the action plan with an aim to tackle the prevention of chronic disease of kidney in the term of long and integrated manner (Sinka et al, 2021). The healthcare professionals are strives to provide best care to the CKD patients to mitigate this condition of health issue. It was reported that among three adults, one is diagnosed with the acute CKD risk, results in estimated 17,500 deaths every year (Australian Government Department of Health, 2024). The approach of Australia towards the managing of health issue of CKD is through the implementation of Action plan. It has developed as the national strategic plan to overcome the potential health issue in concern with the promotion of well-being and heat of the Australian people.

The PBS subsidy was provided by the Australian government where the local residents gain benefits of the effective healthcare facilities at nominal cost (Dominello et al, 2021). With the facilitation of concession card based on the PBS subsidy, the government of Australia spends estimated $270 million per year on the management of medical associations and medicines related to the renal and chronic kidney conditions. It was resulted that estimated 2 million people across world are suffered with the CKD, with a significant increase in the diagnosis of patients with the rate of 5-7% every year (UCSF, 2024). Countries such as Japan, the United States, Mexico and Belgium are highest patients who are diagnosed with the CKD issue. The United Sates suffered with the major issue of kidney failure among 750000 people approx. every year. This leads to kidney failures, increased rate of diagnosis and other severe health implications, has an adverse impact on the physical health and wellbeing of individuals. US treated the patients with CKD through the cost-effective approach with proper justification on the screening of asymptomatic patients.

As per the comparison based on the political influence, the government of Australia facilitates the standard quality healthcare which aimed at improving health and safety of the patients diagnosed with chronic disease of kidney with the reduction in chances of medical error (Aminde et al, 2023). Furthermore, political influence encourages the Australian healthcare system to adopt the medical practises which are evidence based to shape the quality of standard care in the healthcare system. On the contrary, the US government has adopted the cost effective approach within the healthcare system with the formulation of strategic medical policies. These policies are implemented to reduce the impact of CKD and to promote the better heath within nation (Coorey et al, 2022). In addition to this, there is a vital influence of finance on the system of healthcare within the US and Australia. Furthermore, it spent the GDP’s amount in the scheme of pharmaceutical benefit (PBS) focuses to subsidise the medicare and medicine cost.

On the other hand, the US government spent estimated 17.8% of GDP on the effectiveness of healthcare system. It was increased by 4.1% in the year 2022, with an estimated spent of $13,493 per person (CMS Government, 2024). It spends approximate $3 Cr on 10000 persons to maintain their quality of healthcare. From the total GPD, estimated 10% of Australia’s GDP is spent by the government on the promotion of health and wellbeing (Statista, 2024). This amounted to estimate 241 billion dollars within the financial year 2022. On the other hand, the Australian Government spent average 52019.29 AUD Million on the promotion of heath of per 10000 persons.

International Agencies And Their Role In Healthcare

International Healthcare agencies are referred to as those agencies which are primarily concerned with the delivery of healthcare facilities to the country and communities at the global level. These agencies are aimed to empower communities with the anticipation in relation to the disease and promotion of well-being and health (Okpechi et al, 2021). There are multiple international agencies identified within the healthcare system such as the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). WHO plays a vital role in the promotion of health with an aim to maintain the healthcare of general public and protects them from vulnerabilities. It focuses to foster the connection among partners, people and different nations for the active promotion of health. The primary objective of WHO is to ensure the health coverage of billions people to protect them from uncertainty and health emergencies (World Health Organisation, 2024). Furthermore, this international agency of healthcare works towards the financial protections and sustainable financing in healthcare and supports the participation of people in maintaining healthcare regulations and policies.

In against this, UNICEF plays a crucial role in promotion of health and wellbeing by providing them the basic amenities related to sanitation and clean water, through vaccines (Gardiner et al, 2020). In addition to that, it aimed to prevent the chronic diseases such as kidney failure and HIV among general public. UNICEF implements various mission programs among global countries to accomplish the objective of prevention of development and welfare of children with the promotion of better health and care systems. It plays an active role in the organisation of activities related to fundraising, creation of collaboration and partnership with other international agencies of healthcare (Eckardt et al, 2023). Moreover, it offers diverse range of healthcare benefits to society and communities, especially to the children. In addition, the Global healthcare agency of CDC plays a remarkable role in saving the life of people from health issues and threats.

It aims to protect the world from acute or chronic health disease and facilities support to the citizens and communities for the positive respond towards the adverse health issues. It conducts critical health and care information for the promotion of world from the health threats and formulates effective strategies to mitigate with the adverse healthcare situation. Therefore, the international agencies of healthcare have a clear role in the preparation of health emergencies with the identification and adopted necessary tools and methods to manage and mitigate risks (Coorey et al, 2022). It prioritises the health and wellbeing of public with the promotion of approaches to maintain community healthcare. These healthcare agencies have an active role in facilitating technical and financial assistance to the projects which mainly focuses on the nutrition and healthcare.

Initiatives Of Local Communities And Role Of Nurses In Response To Mitigate CKD

The local communities within Australia which are engaged towards the development of initiatives to mitigate the health issues of CKD are identified as the Territory and state government, social and health service departments. The local communities also include regional agencies of Australia such as NGOs, Tissue and organ Authority and Australian institute of welfare and health (Dominello et al, 2021). Multiple professionals of healthcare and rural care organisations are actively engaged in the development of healthcare initiatives in report to overcome the issue of CKD. Various initiatives have been developed; include the formulation of strategy for the public, focuses on the active promotion of kidney health. With the organisation of awareness programs, role-play acts and healthcare camps, local communities develops the initiative to prevent the communities from CKD (Aminde et al, 2023). Moreover, an initiative has been developed by the local communities by providing the guidelines which are clinical based, suggests the preventive measures such as regular check-ups, weight loss and control and management of blood pressures to mitigate the health issue of CKD.

Furthermore, initiative includes the raising of awareness towards CKD by stating its complications help the public to pay attention towards their health (Coorey et al, 2022). With the collaboration of medical professionals and agencies, the local communities develop the initiative of early identification of the health issues and analyses the risks encompasses with CKD. Nurses play a crucial role in the development of initiatives as it provides the relevant information about the symptoms and associated risks to the local communities. This helped them to spread accurate and authentic information about the health issues and raise awareness among public. In addition, nurse plays a vital role in the initiative of organisation of healthcare camps and programs with the monitor of disease and suggests risks, complications and procedure to cure the CKD (Sinka et al, 2021). Nurses’ advocates the effective advises with the help of consultation from medical professionals, helps the local communities to spread education and information about managing and prevention of CKD.

Conclusion

It has been concluded that the Healthcare system of Australia faces the issues of Chronic Kidney Disease, emerges as the dangerous situation for the nation. This disease was characterised as a long and acute medical condition, hampers the functions of kidney, leads to kidney failure and resulted in other complicated disease. Australia implements the strategy of action pan to mitigate the CKD issue with the assistance of medical professionals, nurses and government. The international agencies of healthcare were identified as WHO, UNICEF and CDC, plays a vital role in the protection of communities from disease by providing financial and social attention. These international agencies aimed to promote the effective healthcare and well-being of public across countries by eradicates potential health threats and issues. An initiative includes the organisation of health care programs and promotion of awareness and education were developed by the local communities in respond to overcome the health issues related to CKD.